Mass extinctions are extremely catastrophic events on Earth. Throughout Earth's evolutionary history, numerous mass extinctions have occurred, with five major mass extinctions being particularly representative. These extinctions have reshaped the course of life's evolution on Earth. In addition to the five major mass extinctions, many frequent, lower-order extinctions have also taken place on Earth, such as the Norian–Rhaetian Extinction during the Triassic. Regarding the triggering mechanisms of extinctions, the five major events have been relatively well studied. However, the triggering mechanisms of the frequent lower-order extinctions remain unclear.