In his contribution to ROAPE’s special issue on Frantz Fanon, Peter Hudis challenges the widespread claim that Fanon had little to say about the Marxian critique of political economy. He does so by examining Fanon’s attentiveness to the sociogenic basis of racial domination in Black Skins, White Masks and his discussion of the transition from national liberation to socialism in The Wretched of the Earth and his final psychiatric writings. By engaging with Fanon’s views on nationalisation, decentralised economic and political structures, and the role of the party, the article argues that what Fanon called the “humanisation of work” was central to a thoroughly democratic and non-hierarchical conception of socialism.