A protein that is a key modulator of fat, glucose and cholesterol levels in the body usually works in tandem with another protein, but new research shows it can also work with an unexpected partner—itself. A team of Penn State researchers has now characterized the structure of this twin pairing, finding that while its conformation is different, it can still perform its function of activating the expression of other genes. The finding, the team said, could open new pathways for therapies for liver cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases by targeting the twin pair to treat or prevent disease with potentially fewer off-target side effects.